Triple crossing number and double crossing braid index
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Triple Crossing Number of Knots and Links
A triple crossing is a crossing in a projection of a knot or link that has three strands of the knot passing straight through it. A triple crossing projection is a projection such that all of the crossings are triple crossings. We prove that every knot and link has a triple crossing projection and then investigate c3(K), which is the minimum number of triple crossings in a projection of K. We o...
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The crossing number crðGÞ of a graph G is the minimum possible number of edge crossings in a drawing of G in the plane, while the pair-crossing number pcrðGÞ is the smallest number of pairs of edges that cross in a drawing of G in the plane. While crðGÞXpcrðGÞ holds trivially, it is not known whether a strict inequality can ever occur (this question was raised by Mohar and Pach and Tóth). We ai...
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The crossing number of a graph is the minimum number of edge intersections in a plane drawing of a graph, where each intersection is counted separately. If instead we count the number of pairs of edges that intersect an odd number of times, we obtain the odd crossing number. We show that there is a graph for which these two concepts differ, answering a well-known open question on crossing numbe...
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This paper presents the application of metaheuristic methods to the minimum crossing number problem for the first time. These algorithms including particle swarm optimization, improved ray optimization, colliding bodies optimization and enhanced colliding bodies optimization. For each method, a pseudo code is provided. The crossing number problem is NP-hard and has important applications in eng...
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Tanglegrams are special graphs that consist of a pair of rooted binary trees with the same number of leaves, and a perfect matching between the two leaf-sets. These objects are of use in phylogenetics and are represented with straightline drawings where the leaves of the two plane binary trees are on two parallel lines and only the matching edges can cross. The tangle crossing number of a tangl...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications
سال: 2019
ISSN: 0218-2165,1793-6527
DOI: 10.1142/s0218216519500020